The Tree of Heaven, also known as Ailanthus altissima, is a deciduous tree native to China and Taiwan. It has been widely introduced and naturalized in many parts of the world, including North America, Europe, and Australia. This tree is known for its distinctive appearance, rapid growth rate, and ability to thrive in a variety of environments.
Identification Characteristics
The Tree of Heaven can be identified by its unique combination of characteristics. It typically grows to be 50-80 feet tall, with a broad, spreading canopy and a straight, columnar trunk. The bark is smooth and gray, becoming fissured with age. The leaves are pinnately compound, consisting of 10-40 leaflets that are arranged in a feathery pattern. Each leaflet is 2-4 inches long, with a distinctive winged stalk and a notch at the base. The leaves have a strong, unpleasant odor when crushed.
Leaf and Stem Characteristics
A closer examination of the leaves and stems reveals more distinctive features. The leaflets are a bright green color on top, with a pale underside. They are also slightly pubescent, giving them a soft, velvety texture. The stems are hairy, with a distinctive groove running along the upper surface. The tree produces small, yellowish-green flowers in late spring, which are arranged in large, conical panicles. The flowers are followed by winged seeds, which are an important food source for birds and other wildlife.
| Characteristics | Description |
|---|---|
| Height | 50-80 feet |
| Leaf Type | Pinnately compound |
| Leaflet Size | 2-4 inches long |
| Bark | Smooth, gray, becoming fissured with age |
| Stem | Hairy, with a distinctive groove |
Growth Habits and Uses
The Tree of Heaven is a rapidly growing tree, often reaching maturity in as little as 25 years. It is often used as a shade tree or ornamental, particularly in urban areas where its ability to tolerate pollution and poor soil makes it a valuable asset. However, it can also be invasive, outcompeting native species and producing large amounts of litter. As a result, it is often considered a nuisance in many areas.
Invasive Species Status
The Tree of Heaven has been designated as an invasive species in many parts of the world. It can spread quickly through seed dispersal, and can form dense stands that crowd out native vegetation. In addition, its roots can damage sidewalks, foundations, and other infrastructure, making it a significant economic and environmental concern.
- Rapid growth rate
- Tolerance of poor soil and pollution
- Ability to form dense stands
- Potential to damage infrastructure
Control and Management
Controlling the spread of the Tree of Heaven requires a combination of physical removal, herbicide application, and prevention of seed dispersal. Physical removal involves cutting down the tree and removing as much of the root system as possible. Herbicides can be used to kill the tree, but care must be taken to avoid damaging surrounding vegetation. Prevention of seed dispersal involves removing seedlings and seed-bearing branches, and can be an effective way to prevent the spread of the tree.
Prevention and Education
Preventing the spread of the Tree of Heaven also requires education and outreach. Landowners, gardeners, and homeowners should be aware of the risks associated with the tree, and take steps to prevent its introduction and spread. This can include avoiding the use of the tree as an ornamental, removing seedlings and seed-bearing branches, and reporting infestations to local authorities.
- Physical removal of the tree
- Herbicide application
- Prevention of seed dispersal
- Education and outreach
What is the Tree of Heaven?
+The Tree of Heaven is a deciduous tree native to China and Taiwan, also known as Ailanthus altissima. It is known for its distinctive appearance, rapid growth rate, and ability to thrive in a variety of environments.
Why is the Tree of Heaven considered invasive?
+The Tree of Heaven is considered invasive because it can spread quickly through seed dispersal, and can form dense stands that crowd out native vegetation. It can also damage sidewalks, foundations, and other infrastructure, making it a significant economic and environmental concern.
How can I control the spread of the Tree of Heaven?
+Controlling the spread of the Tree of Heaven requires a combination of physical removal, herbicide application, and prevention of seed dispersal. Physical removal involves cutting down the tree and removing as much of the root system as possible. Herbicides can be used to kill the tree, but care must be taken to avoid damaging surrounding vegetation. Prevention of seed dispersal involves removing seedlings and seed-bearing branches, and can be an effective way to prevent the spread of the tree.
