The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is a widely accepted style guide used for writing and citing research papers, particularly in the humanities. Understanding the MLA format is essential for students, researchers, and writers to ensure that their work is properly formatted and cited. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive reference guide to the MLA format, including its history, core elements, and practical applications.
Introduction to MLA Format
The MLA format was first introduced in 1985 by the Modern Language Association, with the goal of creating a standardized system for citing sources and formatting research papers. The format has undergone several revisions since its inception, with the most recent edition being the 8th edition, published in 2016. The MLA format is widely used in academic institutions, particularly in the fields of literature, language, and cultural studies.
Core Elements of MLA Format
The MLA format consists of several core elements, including the header, title page, headings, font and spacing, and citations. The header should include the author’s last name and page number, while the title page should feature the title of the paper, the author’s name, and institutional affiliation. Headings are used to organize the paper into sections, and the font and spacing should be set to 12-point Times New Roman and double-spaced, respectively.
| Core Element | Description |
|---|---|
| Header | Last name and page number |
| Title Page | Title, author's name, and institutional affiliation |
| Headings | Organize paper into sections |
| Font and Spacing | 12-point Times New Roman and double-spaced |
Citation Styles in MLA Format
The MLA format uses a parenthetical citation system, where the author’s last name and page number are included in parentheses at the end of a sentence. There are several types of citations, including in-text citations, works cited page, and footnotes. In-text citations are used to acknowledge sources within the text, while the works cited page provides a comprehensive list of sources used in the research. Footnotes are used to provide additional information or commentary.
In-Text Citations
In-text citations are used to acknowledge sources within the text. The citation should include the author’s last name and page number, separated by a comma. For example, (Smith 23) or (Johnson 12-15). If the source has no author, the title of the source should be used instead, such as (“The Great Gatsby” 23).
Works Cited Page
The works cited page is a comprehensive list of sources used in the research. The page should be titled “Works Cited” and should be double-spaced, with each entry formatted according to the MLA guidelines. The entries should be listed alphabetically by author’s last name, and should include the author’s name, title of the source, publication date, and publisher.
Formatting the Works Cited Page
The works cited page should be formatted according to the MLA guidelines. The page should be double-spaced, with each entry formatted according to the type of source. For example, a book entry should include the author’s name, title of the book, publication date, and publisher, such as Smith, John. The Great Gatsby. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925.
| Source Type | Formatting |
|---|---|
| Book | Author's name, title, publication date, and publisher |
| Article | Author's name, title, publication date, and page numbers |
| Website | Author's name, title, publication date, and URL |
What is the purpose of the MLA format?
+The MLA format is used to create a standardized system for citing sources and formatting research papers, particularly in the humanities.
How do I format the works cited page?
+The works cited page should be double-spaced, with each entry formatted according to the MLA guidelines. The entries should be listed alphabetically by author’s last name, and should include the author’s name, title of the source, publication date, and publisher.
What is the difference between in-text citations and footnotes?
+In-text citations are used to acknowledge sources within the text, while footnotes are used to provide additional information or commentary. Footnotes are typically used in conjunction with in-text citations to provide further explanation or context.
